Also known as: client · clients · clientela · patron-client · clientage · patronage
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A dependent in Roman law who relied on a patron for legal defense in suits and other difficulties. Such a person was frequently a freed slave or immigrant.
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Marcus, a recently freed slave, approached his former master Titus for help in a property dispute. Titus provided legal defense and representation before the magistrate. Marcus thereby fulfilled the role of cliens under Roman custom.
Greek immigrant Lysias became cliens to Roman citizen Gaius after arriving in the city. When accused in a contract suit, Lysias received advocacy and sureties from Gaius. The relationship shielded Lysias from immediate enforcement actions.
Freedwoman Claudia relied on patron Publius to assert her rights to a modest legacy. Publius appeared in the praetor's court and argued on her behalf. Claudia performed the expected duties of a cliens in return.
Cliens Rufus faced a delict claim brought by a neighbor. His patron Servius supplied an advocate and posted security. The arrangement followed the traditional Roman duties between patron and cliens.
After manumission, Aulus entered the household of patron Quintus as cliens. When creditors threatened suit, Quintus intervened with legal counsel. Aulus repaid the protection through political support and daily attendance.
Syrian trader Darius became cliens to Roman eques Marcus to resolve a land-boundary quarrel. Marcus furnished witnesses and argued before the local magistrate. The patronage secured Darius continued residence and business rights.
The historical idea of a dependent client seeking protection from a patron parallels the modern duty to safeguard client information. Primary authorities such as Model Rule 1.9(c)(1) prohibit using information to the disadvantage of a former client. This continuity underscores the enduring emphasis on loyalty and confidentiality in the lawyer-client relationship.
Supporting sources
…to exercise his privilege, he has the right to do so. This is not for the authorities to decide. An attorney may advise his client not to talk to police until he has had an opportunity to investigate the case, or he may wish to be present with his client during any police questioning. In doing so an attorney is merely…