Also known as: codices · ancient code · manuscript
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A book written on paper or parchment, especially a volume of an ancient text.
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Catherine Carter owns an ancient codex on loan to a museum. During a live television press conference, the mayor falsely accuses her of stealing the codex to sell it abroad. Networks broadcast and replay the statement repeatedly. The broadcast qualifies as libel because it was transmitted by television.
Charles Cunningham discovers a codex containing early state legislative records. He argues that term limits for state legislators violate the Qualifications Clauses because the codex shows the framers intended no additional restrictions. The Court rejects the claim, holding that states cannot add qualifications beyond those in the Constitution.
Craig Caldwell owns a rare codex of historical texts. A company sells devices that allow users to copy pages from the codex for personal study. The copyright holders sue, claiming the devices facilitate infringement. The Court holds that private, noncommercial copying of the codex constitutes fair use.
Carlos Castillo keeps financial records related to his codex collection in an accountant's office. The IRS issues a summons for those records. The Court holds that the Fifth Amendment does not protect the records because they are not in the taxpayer's personal possession.
Caitlin Crowley checks a valuable package at a train station. A railroad employee drops the package, injuring a bystander. The Court holds that the railroad owes no duty to an unforeseeable plaintiff who was not within the zone of danger created by the negligent act.
Curtis Cannon hides a stolen codex in his home. Police enter to search for a suspect and seize the codex in plain view. The Court holds that the seizure is valid because the officers were lawfully on the premises and the codex was evidence of crime.
A codex is a book written on paper or parchment, especially a volume of an ancient text. This definition comes directly from historical legal lexicography.
Supporting sources
The term emphasizes ancient or historical volumes written on parchment rather than contemporary printed books. It carries an archaic connotation tied to early manuscript traditions.
Supporting sources
…Commerce Clause powers are not exclusive). See also 1 Life and Letters of Joseph Story 296 (W. Story ed. 1851) (extract of manuscript written by Story) ("I hold it to be a maxim, which should never be lost sight of by a great statesman, that the Government of the United States is intrinsically too weak, and the powers of…