Written by attorneys — see sources below.
2 senses
A technological mechanism for verifying user age to restrict minors' access to online content. The absence of reliable mechanisms of this kind prevents content-based restrictions from being narrowly tailored because they function as a complete prohibition on adults' receipt of protected speech.
A financial institution or ACH operator that serves as an entry or exit point for international ACH transactions. No formal declaration of status is required and the entity assumes specific warranties and obligations when processing cross-border debit and credit entries.
A technological mechanism for verifying user age to restrict minors' access to online content. The absence of reliable mechanisms of this kind prevents content-based restrictions from being narrowly tailored because they function as a complete prohibition on adults' receipt of protected speech.
NetStream Corp. implements default blocking of all adult-oriented sites on residential accounts. Adult subscriber Glenn Gross cannot reach lawful non-obscene material because no workable age-verification process exists at scale. The blocking regime therefore prevents adults from exercising their First Amendment rights to receive protected speech.
1 common questions
A financial institution or ACH operator that serves as an entry or exit point for international ACH transactions. No formal declaration of status is required and the entity assumes specific warranties and obligations when processing cross-border debit and credit entries.
Gateway Bank receives an inbound ACH credit from a foreign originator and credits the U.S. receiver's account. The bank processes the entry without any separate declaration of gateway status. It thereby assumes the warranties and obligations that attach to international ACH transactions under NACHA rules.
1 common questions
Each sense below has its own examples, sources, and questions.
Without effective age-screening mechanisms, a default-blocking regime prevents adults from accessing protected non-obscene speech. The restriction therefore functions as an overbroad ban that fails strict scrutiny even when the government pursues the compelling interest of protecting minors.
Supporting sources
A financial institution or ACH operator acting as a gateway must comply with specific warranties for cross-border debit and credit transactions. These obligations attach automatically once the entity processes inbound or outbound international entries.