Also known as: incolae · inhabitant
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A resident or inhabitant under Roman law. The term particularly denotes a foreign resident lacking full civil rights or a provincial resident who was not a Roman citizen.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Ismael Ibrahim serves as a presidential elector from State A while the leading candidate is also an incola of State A. The constitutional rule requires that at least one elector not share that status with the candidate. The ballot is rejected and the vote is not counted toward the candidate's total.
Imran Iyer claims authority to direct steel production as an incola exercising presidential power. The court examines whether that power was properly vested and exercised. The order is invalidated because the claimed authority exceeds the constitutional grant.
Isaac Irving asserts rights as an incola of a territory seeking recognition as a citizen. The court determines that inhabitant status alone does not confer citizenship under the Constitution. The claim is denied on that basis.
India Inoue, an incola of the state, sues local officers for unlawful search. The court holds that the officers acted under color of state law. Liability attaches because the conduct violated federal rights.
Ira Irving operates a steamboat as an incola of New York and challenges a state monopoly. The court reviews whether state law can restrict navigation between states. The monopoly is struck down as an improper barrier to interstate commerce.
Ivan Ivanov is elected to the House but faces exclusion as an incola lacking required residency. The court holds that the House may not add qualifications beyond those stated in the Constitution. The member is seated.
Incola denotes a resident or inhabitant under Roman law, especially a foreign or provincial resident without full civil rights.
No. Incola status establishes residency but does not automatically create citizenship under Roman law.
The rule has no application to modern electoral vote counting. Incola is a Roman-law classification of residents.
…terms as other grants, and these lands were reconveyed to Lord Fairfax in fee shortly after. 4. Lord Fairfax, a citizen and inhabitant of Virginia, died in December 1781, and by his last will devised the whole of his lands called the Northern Neck in fee to Denny Fairfax (the original defendant in ejectment), by the name…