Also known as:time and place of tender · times and places for tender · tender timing and location
Written by attorneys — see sources below.
The temporal and locational parameters fixed by the parties' agreement that determine when and where a seller must put and hold conforming goods at the buyer's disposition to effect a valid tender of delivery. These parameters are supplied by the contract terms and the governing article unless the parties provide otherwise.
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How its tested
Common Examples
2
Delivery Location Dispute
Central Connect agreed to deliver routers to Silver Communications' network operations center. Central Connect instead diverted the conforming routers to a cross-dock terminal and sent an email that omitted dock numbers and release forms. Silver Communications could not retrieve the goods without further information and sued for breach. The court held that the tender failed because the agreed place of delivery was not honored and the notice was insufficient to enable Silver Communications to take possession.
Market Price Calculation
ValleyMart repudiated after Northline completed production of customized appliances. Northline sought damages measured by the difference between contract price and market price. The court applied the market-price formula at the time and place for tender because that location and moment fix the baseline for calculating the seller's loss when the buyer refuses delivery.
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Uniform Acts
Neri v. Retail Marine Corp.30 N.Y.2d 393, 399 & n. 2, 384 N.Y.S.2d 165, 169 & n. 2, 285 N.E.2d 311, 314 & n. 2 (1972)
Plaintiffs contracted with defendant Retail Marine Corp. to purchase a new boat of a specified model for $12,587.40, initially depositing $40 and later increasing the deposit to $4,250 to obtain immediate delivery on a firm sale basis instead of the originally specified four-to-six-week period.
Plaintiffs' attorney sent defendant a letter rescinding the contract on the ground that plaintiff Neri faced imminent hospitalization and surgery that would make payments impossible. The boat had already been ordered from the manufacturer and was delivered to defendant at or before receipt of the rescission letter.
Plaintiffs commenced an action to recover their deposit after defendant declined to refund it. Defendant counterclaimed for breach of contract and damages in the amount of $4,250. Defendant obtained summary judgment on the issue of liability, after which Special Term directed an assessment of damages to determine whether plaintiffs were entitled to return of any portion of their down payment.
At the damages hearing, the boat was shown to have been sold four months later to another buyer for the same price negotiated with plaintiffs. Defendant proved without contradiction that its profit on the contract sale would have been $2,579 and that it had incurred $674 in expenses for storage, upkeep, finance charges, and insurance during the period the boat remained unsold; defendant also sought $1,250 in attorneys' fees.
The trial court awarded defendant $500 on its counterclaim and directed that plaintiffs recover the $3,750 balance of their deposit. The judgment was affirmed without opinion by the Appellate Division, and defendant appealed to the Court of Appeals by leave.
How does the agreed time and place for tender affect a seller's damages claim?
The time and place for tender fix the market price used to calculate damages for nonacceptance under UCC § 2-708(1). When a buyer repudiates, the seller measures loss by comparing the contract price to the market price at that contractually determined moment and location.
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What happens if the seller tenders at a different place than the contract specifies?
Tender is ineffective. The agreement controls the place of tender, so delivery to an alternate location fails to put the goods at the buyer's disposition in the manner required by the contract.
Supporting sources
Does incomplete notice about pickup details defeat an otherwise proper tender?
Yes. The seller must give notification reasonably necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery. Omitting dock numbers, release forms, or cutoff times leaves the buyer unable to retrieve the goods and renders the tender incomplete.
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ContractsRemedies · Remedial rights of breaching partiesUBEFoundational