Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
Authorized shares of a corporation that have not been issued to shareholders, including shares previously issued and later repurchased by the corporation. Such shares remain available for future issuance by the board without altering the rights attached to already outstanding shares.
Sources & Authorities
How it applies
Common Examples
6
Board Issues Unissued Shares Without Preemptive Rights
Upland Industries' articles contain no preemptive-rights provision. The board resolves to issue 100,000 previously authorized but unissued common shares to a new strategic investor. Existing shareholder Uma Upadhyay demands the right to purchase a proportional block. The board proceeds with the issuance because the articles never elected preemptive rights over unissued shares.
Future Interest in Unissued Shares Avoids Perpetuities Violation
Ulysses Maritime's articles authorize 500,000 unissued shares. The founder conveys a remainder interest in those shares to his grandchildren, subject to an open class that may increase for decades. The limitation is upheld because the subject matter consists of unissued corporate shares.
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Model Codes
Restatements
Dictionaries
Repurchased Shares Become Authorized but Unissued
Ultrasonic Dynamics buys back 20,000 shares from retiring founder Uriah Urban. The articles contain no prohibition on reissuance. The board treats the reacquired shares as authorized but unissued and later reissues them to new employees under an equity plan.
Class Gift of Unissued Shares Survives Perpetuities Challenge
Uptown Apparel's founder limits a class gift of future unissued shares to all then-living descendants, with membership potentially expanding for generations. The gift is upheld solely because the subject matter is unissued corporate shares.
Board Uses Unissued Shares in Defensive Issuance
Uliana Ustinova's corporation faces a proxy contest. The board creates a new series of preferred stock solely from authorized but unissued shares and issues the entire series to a friendly investor. The issuance dilutes the challenger's voting power without any shareholder vote.
Blasius Industries, Inc. v. Atlas Corp.564 A.2d 651, 660 n.2 (Del. Ch. 1988)
Merger Valuation Ignores Unissued Shares
Umar Usmani owns shares in a target corporation. In a cash-out merger the acquiring company values the target using only outstanding shares. The court confirms that authorized but unissued shares are excluded from the valuation because they have never been issued.
Weinberger v. UOP, Inc.426 A.2d at 1342-1343, 1348-1350
Common questions
Frequently Asked
5
Do shareholders automatically possess preemptive rights to unissued shares?+
No. Shareholders have no preemptive right to acquire a corporation's unissued shares unless the articles of incorporation expressly provide for such rights.
Supporting sources
What happens to shares a corporation repurchases from existing shareholders?+
Repurchased shares become authorized but unissued shares unless the articles prohibit their reissue, in which case the authorized share count is reduced.
Supporting sources
May the board create new classes or series solely from unissued shares without a shareholder vote?+
Yes, when the articles expressly authorize the board to classify or reclassify unissued shares and to fix their terms, the board may do so without further shareholder approval.
Supporting sources
How do unissued shares affect the rule against perpetuities?+
Limitations on unissued corporate shares are exempt from the rule against perpetuities under the Restatement (First) of Property.
Supporting sources
Are unissued shares included when valuing a corporation in a merger?+
No. Only issued and outstanding shares are counted. Authorized but unissued shares are excluded from the valuation base.
Supporting sources
426 A.2d at 1342-1343, 1348-1350Business Associations
…was reached between the two companies whereby Signal agreed to purchase from UOP 1.5 million of UOP's authorized but unissued shares for a price of $21 per share. This purchase, however, was made contingent upon Signal making a successful cash tender offer for 4.3 million publicly held shares of UOP, also at a price of…