Also known as:derivative action · derivative suit · derivative suits · shareholder derivative suit
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A procedural mechanism allowing a member of a limited liability company or a partner in a limited partnership to sue on the entity's behalf to enforce rights that the entity itself has failed to pursue. The plaintiff must have been a member or partner both when the underlying conduct occurred and when the action commences. Any recovery belongs to the entity rather than the individual plaintiff.
Sources & Authorities
How it applies
Common Examples
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Contemporaneous Ownership in LLC
Daniel Diaz acquired his membership interest in Diamond Manufacturing before managers diverted a contract opportunity. After the managers refused to sue, Diaz remained a member and filed suit on the LLC's behalf. Because he satisfies both the time-of-conduct and time-of-commencement requirements, the court permits the derivative action to proceed.
Demand Futility in Limited Partnership
Destiny Davis, a limited partner in Davenport Pharmaceuticals, delivered a written demand to the general partner requesting suit over a diverted opportunity. After four months of only vague assurances and no action, Davis filed a derivative claim. The general partner's conflict and inaction establish futility, allowing the suit to continue.
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Cases
Federal Rules
Uniform Acts
Hornbooks
Study Supplements
Recovery Belongs to the LLC
David Dawson brought a successful derivative action on behalf of Dominion Capital LLC that produced a monetary judgment. The court orders the entire recovery paid directly to the LLC. Dawson receives no personal share of the proceeds beyond possible expense reimbursement.
Proceeds Flow to the Partnership
Demetrius Douglas prevailed in a derivative suit for a limited partnership after the general partner misappropriated funds. The resulting settlement payment is credited solely to the partnership's accounts. Douglas must immediately remit any funds he receives to the partnership.
Fee Award from Entity Recovery
Damian Decker's derivative action on behalf of Dixon Foods LLC produced a partial recovery after extensive litigation. The court awards reasonable attorneys' fees and costs to Decker from the LLC's recovery. The award compensates the successful plaintiff without diminishing the entity's net benefit.
Corporate Injury in Proxy Context
Devon Drake, a shareholder, alleges misleading proxy statements harmed the corporation's value. Because the claimed injury flows to the corporation rather than Drake individually, the court treats the claim as derivative. Drake must therefore satisfy derivative standing rules to proceed.
Piper v. Chris-Craft Industries, Inc.430 U.S. 1, 40 (1977)
Common questions
Frequently Asked
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What must a plaintiff show to maintain a derivative action in an LLC?+
The plaintiff must be a member both when the conduct occurred and when the suit is filed. A demand on managers or members is required unless futility is shown. These requirements ensure the plaintiff has a proper stake and the entity receives the first opportunity to act.
Supporting sources
Who receives the proceeds from a successful derivative action?+
Any judgment, settlement, or other benefit belongs to the LLC or limited partnership, not the individual plaintiff. The plaintiff must immediately remit any proceeds received to the entity. This rule prevents personal enrichment from claims that belong to the organization.
Supporting sources
When may a court award attorneys' fees to the derivative plaintiff?+
If the action succeeds in whole or in part, the court may award reasonable expenses, including attorneys' fees, from the entity's recovery. The award compensates the plaintiff for costs incurred while enforcing the entity's rights.
Supporting sources
How does a special litigation committee affect a derivative action?+
A qualified, independent committee that conducts a reasonable inquiry and determines in good faith that the suit is not in the entity's best interests can support dismissal. The plaintiff must allege particularized facts showing the determination was flawed to overcome the motion.
Supporting sources
377 U.S. 426 (1964)Business Associations
…under § 27 of the Act.[^maj-2] The court held Wis. Stat., 1961, § 180.405 (4), which requires posting security for expenses in derivative actions, applicable to both counts, except that portion of Count 2 requesting declaratory relief. It ordered the respondent to furnish a bond in the amount of $75,000 thereunder and, upon his…
Business Associations Corporations and LlcsShareholder and member litigation: direct, derivative, and class litigation · Shareholder and member litigation: direct, derivative, and class litigationUBEIntermediate