Also known as: final & conclusive · binding · unappealable
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A judgment or administrative determination that ends the matter and bars further review or appeal except on narrow grounds such as fraud or procedural irregularity.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Felipe Figueroa contracted to buy a warehouse from Foster Forge. Before closing a fire destroyed the building. Under equitable conversion the risk had already shifted to Figueroa at contract formation. The allocation of loss is final and conclusive so Figueroa must pay the full price.
Floyd Franklin signed a detailed supply contract with Fidelity Trust that contained an integration clause. An earlier oral side agreement on delivery dates contradicted the writing. The integrated agreement is final and conclusive and discharges the inconsistent prior understanding.
Frank Fisher and Freeman Engineering agreed in writing to increase the price of steel beams because of sudden tariff changes. The modification required no new consideration under the UCC. The revised terms are final and conclusive and bind both parties.
Frederick Ferguson and Faith Fitzgerald submitted a separation agreement to the divorce court that divided their property and set maintenance. The court reviewed economic circumstances and found no unconscionability. The property and maintenance provisions are final and conclusive on the court.
Farah Fox executed a comprehensive employment contract with Fairview Manufacturing that covered all compensation terms. A prior written promise of a bonus was within the scope of the integrated agreement. The complete integration renders the earlier promise final and conclusive and unenforceable.
Fidelity Trust held a promissory note that lacked any signature by the purported maker. The bank sought to enforce the instrument against the individual. Because the person never signed and no authorized agent signed the note the obligation is nonexistent and any purported liability is final and conclusive.
It means the decision ends the controversy and ordinarily cannot be reopened or appealed except on narrow grounds such as fraud or procedural error.
No. Limited review remains available for claims of fraud, mistake, or fundamental procedural defects even when the determination is labeled final and conclusive.
Statutes often declare certain agency or judicial-council orders final and conclusive to bar ordinary appellate review while still permitting narrow constitutional or procedural challenges.
…existed for millennia and across civilizations. Since the dawn of history, marriage has transformed strangers into relatives, binding families and societies together. Confucius taught that marriage lies at the foundation of government. 2 Li Chi: Book of Rites 266 (C. Chai & W. Chai eds., J. Legge transl. 1967). This…