Also known as: frux · fruits · produce
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
An item of Roman and civil law consisting of edible produce or crops.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Frederick Ferguson sued a buyer who refused payment for a shipment of harvested wheat. The buyer produced no evidence disputing the quantity or quality of the delivered fruges. The court granted summary judgment because the buyer could not produce admissible evidence creating a genuine dispute over the value of the fruges.
Farah Fox spoke at a rally urging farmers to withhold fruges from market until prices rose. Prosecutors charged her with inciting economic disruption. The court dismissed the case because her statements were abstract advocacy rather than calls for imminent lawless action.
Farid Farahani shipped fruges across state lines and paid a state-imposed duty. The state defended the charge as necessary for inspection. The court struck down the duty because it exceeded what was absolutely required for inspection under the constitutional limit.
Frank Fisher stored crates of stolen fruges in a warehouse. Officers obtained a warrant listing the specific crates as contraband. The warrant was upheld because the items qualified as fruits of crime under the rule authorizing seizure of illegally possessed property.
Fatima Flores lost the original ledger recording sales of her fruges. The opposing party had received notice that the ledger would be offered at trial yet failed to produce it. The court admitted secondary evidence of the ledger's contents under the rule allowing other evidence when the opponent withholds the original.
Faye Fuller granted her farm manager power to sell the season's fruges at prevailing market rates. The manager exercised that power by contracting with a wholesaler. The transaction bound Fuller because the grant created an ability to alter legal relations regarding the crops.
Fruges refers to edible produce or crops. The term appears in historical legal texts as a category of tangible agricultural goods.
Supporting sources
Yes. The term covers only edible produce and crops, not non-edible items such as timber or minerals.
Supporting sources
…no deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce abortion,"[^maj-14] or "I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly, I will not give to a woman an abortive…