Also known as: in furtherance of · furtherance
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
An act, statement, or factor that advances or promotes a goal, interest, objective, or plan.
Ian and Ivy reach an agreement to commit arson for insurance money. The crime of conspiracy is complete upon that agreement alone. No further step is required even though an overt act in furtherance would have been needed in some jurisdictions.
Imperial Motors employees agree to falsify emissions data. One employee later tells a supplier the altered numbers must be used on invoices. The statement qualifies as nonhearsay because it was made during and in furtherance of the conspiracy.
Insight Consulting's lawyer learns the client is using the firm's tax advice to conceal assets from creditors. The lawyer may reveal the information because the client's ongoing fraud is reasonably certain to injure third parties and the client used the lawyer's services in furtherance of that fraud.
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Indigo Textiles employees burn their draft cards during a protest. The government regulation is valid because it furthers an important interest unrelated to suppressing speech and the incidental restriction on expression is no greater than essential to the furtherance of that interest.
Ingrid Innes and India Inoue dispute ownership of a painting moved across state lines. A court evaluates which state's law governs by considering factors that promote harmonious multistate relationships in furtherance of the needs of the interstate system.
Isabella Ingram agrees with others to commit wire fraud and one conspirator sends a fraudulent email. Isabella later tries to withdraw, but the offense remains complete because the agreement and the overt act in furtherance already occurred.
No. At common law the offense is complete upon the agreement with criminal intent. An overt act in furtherance is not required.
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A statement is admissible when made by a coconspirator during and in furtherance of the conspiracy.
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Yes. Disclosure is permitted to prevent a client from committing a crime or fraud that is reasonably certain to injure another's financial interests and in furtherance of which the client has used the lawyer's services.
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The regulation must further an important governmental interest unrelated to suppressing expression and the restriction must be no greater than essential to the furtherance of that interest.
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…traffic congestion and to prevent overcrowded and unsafe living conditions, in short to enact reasonable land-use restrictions in furtherance of the legitimate objectives East Cleveland claims for its ordinance. But the zoning power is not a license for local communities to enact senseless and arbitrary restrictions which cut deeply…