Also known as:insure · insures · insured · insuring · insurance · ensure
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
To enter into a contract by which one party agrees to compensate another for specified losses upon the occurrence of designated events in exchange for the payment of premiums. The contract creates an obligation to indemnify when the covered contingency materializes. Proceeds or coverage rights arising from the contract are allocated according to its terms and any applicable equitable or statutory rules.
Sources & Authorities
How it applies
Common Examples
6
Risk of Loss After Contract
Ian Iverson contracts to sell his warehouse to Ironwood Capital. Before closing a fire destroys the building. Under the majority rule the risk has already passed to the buyer at contract formation. Ian holds legal title only as trustee for Ironwood and any insurance proceeds are allocated to the buyer.
Initial Disclosure of Coverage
In a federal products-liability suit Imran Iyer sues Innovate Pharmaceuticals. Innovate must disclose under Rule 26 any policy under which an insurer may be liable to satisfy part of a judgment. The disclosure allows the plaintiff to evaluate the defendant's ability to pay.
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Cases
Statutes
Federal Rules
Uniform Acts
Model Codes
Common Law
Ibrahim Iqbal is a partner at Interlink Communications. He implements written procedures requiring every associate to confirm that all fee agreements include required professional-liability insurance before signing. The measures give reasonable assurance that all lawyers will conform to the Rules of Professional Conduct.
Insurance on Devised Property
Isla Ireland's will specifically devises her vacation home to her niece. After the will is executed but before death a storm damages the home and the insurer pays a claim. The niece receives the unpaid insurance proceeds that remain at Isla's death.
Punitive Award Against Insured
Ivan Ivanov obtains a large compensatory verdict against Inertia Dynamics. The jury also awards punitive damages. The court evaluates whether the insurer must cover the award under the three guideposts of reprehensibility, ratio to actual harm, and comparable penalties to determine whether the amount violates due process.
Insurer Citizenship for Diversity
A plaintiff injured by a policyholder sues the liability insurer directly in federal court. The insurer is incorporated in Delaware with its principal place of business in New York. Under the direct-action proviso the insurer is also deemed a citizen of every state of which the insured is a citizen.
Common questions
Frequently Asked
5
When does risk of loss pass to the buyer in a land sale contract that mentions insurance?+
Under the majority rule risk passes at contract formation. The buyer therefore bears any loss and is entitled to insurance proceeds even though the seller still holds legal title.
Supporting sources
Must a defendant disclose its liability insurance policy during initial disclosures?+
Yes. Rule 26(a)(1)(A)(iv) requires production of any insurance agreement under which an insurer may be liable to satisfy all or part of a possible judgment.
Supporting sources
What obligation does a law-firm partner have regarding insurance-related compliance?+
A partner must make reasonable efforts to ensure the firm has measures that give reasonable assurance all lawyers will conform to the Rules of Professional Conduct, including any insurance requirements imposed by those rules.
Supporting sources
Who receives insurance proceeds when specifically devised property is damaged before the testator's death?+
The specific devisee is entitled to any unpaid insurance proceeds remaining at death unless the will provides otherwise or failure of the devise would be inconsistent with the testator's intent.
Supporting sources
How does the citizenship rule for insurers affect diversity jurisdiction in a direct action?+
In a direct action against a liability insurer the insurer is deemed a citizen of every state of which the insured is a citizen in addition to its own state of incorporation and principal place of business.
Supporting sources
410 U.S. 113 (1973)Constitutional Law
…the Does established that "personal stake in the outcome of the controversy," Baker v. Carr , 369 U. S. 186, 204 (1962), that insures that "the dispute sought to be adjudicated will be presented in an adversary context and in a form historically viewed as capable of judicial resolution," Flast v. Cohen , 392 U. S. 83,…