An abbreviation denoting multiple justices of a court.
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Common Examples
6
Presidential Pardon Authority
Jacob Jennings sought a federal pardon after conviction. The President exercised authority under the constitutional provision to grant relief. The JJ reviewed the resulting order in subsequent proceedings.
Bias Reference Permitted
Jamal Jefferson appeared before the court on a discrimination claim. The judge made a legitimate reference to ethnicity as relevant to the proceeding. The JJ upheld the ruling against claims of improper conduct.
Injunction Appeal Allowed
Jacqueline Juarez obtained an injunction in district court halting enforcement action. The order was interlocutory. The JJ accepted the appeal under the statute authorizing review of injunction rulings.
Jasmine Jordan offered documents in a federal district court proceeding. The court applied the federal evidence rules to determine admissibility. The JJ affirmed the evidentiary rulings on appeal.
Business Role Violation
Jerome Jackson served as manager for a private real estate company while on the bench. The conduct violated rules against judges acting as business officers. The JJ ordered removal from office.
Judicial Tenure Protection
Jose Jimenez was appointed to an inferior federal court. Congress attempted to reduce compensation during the judge's service. The JJ held the reduction unconstitutional under the good behavior clause.
2 common questions
Students Frequently Ask...
What does JJ stand for in judicial opinions?
JJ is the standard abbreviation for multiple justices of a court.
When is the abbreviation JJ used instead of J?
JJ appears when citing or referring to more than one justice in a court opinion or order.
5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803)
…cause why a mandamus should not issue commanding him to cause to be delivered to them respectively their several commissions as justices of the peace in the District of Columbia. This motion was supported by affidavits that notice had been given to Mr. Madison; that Mr. Adams, the late President, nominated the applicants to…