State of the Union Address
Praetor Appius frames the legal issue in a formula for a contract dispute between citizens Marcus and Lucius. He appoints citizen Gaius as judex to hear evidence and render judgment on the facts.
Also known as: judices · judge
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A private citizen in ancient Roman civil procedure appointed by the praetor to decide a specific case after the legal issue had been framed in a formula.
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Praetor Appius frames the legal issue in a formula for a contract dispute between citizens Marcus and Lucius. He appoints citizen Gaius as judex to hear evidence and render judgment on the facts.
After the praetor issues a formula in a property action between Aulus and Titus, he selects citizen Publius as judex. Publius receives the formula and decides the case on its facts.
In a inheritance dispute the praetor appoints citizen Quintus as judex once the formula is prepared. Quintus examines witnesses and issues a judgment for one party.
Praetor Claudius frames the issue in a formula for a debt claim between Numerius and Sextus. He then appoints citizen Decimus as judex to decide the facts and enter judgment.
The praetor delivers a formula to citizen Servius in a boundary dispute between two landowners. Servius acts as judex, weighs the evidence, and renders a final decision.
After the praetor issues the formula in a sale dispute between Gaius and Lucius, citizen Marcus is appointed judex. Marcus hears testimony and decides which party prevails on the facts.
The judex received a formula from the praetor that framed the legal issue and then decided the facts and rendered judgment in the case.
Supporting sources
The judex could swear an oath that the matter was not clear and be discharged from deciding the case.
Supporting sources
…and delivered it to the Secretary to be sealed. The President has then done with it; it becomes irrevocable. An appointment of a judge once completed is made forever. The requisites to be performed by the Secretary are ministerial ascertained by law and he has no discretion. In contemplation of law they are as if…