Also known as:no just reason for delay · FRCP 54(b) · Rule 54(b) certification
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
An express judicial finding that permits a district court to direct entry of a final judgment on fewer than all claims or parties in a multi-claim or multi-party action. The finding removes the ordinary bar to immediate appeal that would otherwise keep the order interlocutory and subject to revision until the entire case concludes.
Sources & Authorities
How it applies
Common Examples
2
Partial Judgment Entered After Certification
Noreen Nguyen sued Northern Manufacturing and Nova Pharmaceuticals for separate contract breaches arising from the same supply chain. The district court granted summary judgment dismissing all claims against Nova Pharmaceuticals. After expressly determining that there was no just reason for delay, the court directed entry of final judgment as to Nova Pharmaceuticals alone, allowing Nguyen to appeal immediately while the claims against Northern Manufacturing proceeded to trial.
Appeal Allowed After Express Finding
Noah Nakamura sued Sears, Roebuck & Co. on multiple claims. The district court entered judgment for the defendant on two claims but left others pending. The court expressly determined that there was no just reason for delay and directed entry of judgment on the resolved claims. Nakamura filed a timely notice of appeal, and the court of appeals upheld jurisdiction because the required determination had been made on the record.
Put it into practice
Test Yourself
10
Practice Questions5
· 2 primary sources
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Federal Rules
Casebooks
Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Mackey351 U.S. 427, 435 (1956)
Common questions
Frequently Asked
3
What must a district court do before entering a partial final judgment under Rule 54(b)?+
The court must expressly determine that there is no just reason for delay and direct entry of judgment as to the resolved claims or parties. Without both steps the order remains interlocutory and may be revised at any time before final judgment on the entire action.
Supporting sources
Does dismissal of all claims against one defendant automatically create an appealable judgment?+
No. In multi-party litigation an order resolving fewer than all parties is not final unless the court makes an express determination of no just reason for delay and directs entry of judgment. Absent that certification the order stays interlocutory.
Supporting sources
Why does the rule require an express finding of no just reason for delay?+
The requirement prevents piecemeal appeals and gives the district court flexibility to manage complex litigation. It ensures that immediate review occurs only when the resolved claims are sufficiently separable from those that remain.
Supporting sources
Civil ProcedureAppealability and review · Availability of interlocutory reviewUBEIntermediate