Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A Latin citation signal directing the reader to consult a referenced passage or authority.
Sources & Authorities· 1 primary source
Select any source to read its text and confirm it supports the definition.
Model Codes
Restatements
How it applies
Common Examples
6
Judge Advises Family Member
Vivian Velez, a sitting judge, reviewed her sister's proposed contract but declined to appear in court on her behalf. Vivian noted in her memo that she could offer informal guidance yet could not serve as counsel in any forum. The distinction preserved her compliance with judicial conduct standards.
Multistate Property Dispute
Virgil Volpe sold land located in State A to Valerie Voss, who resided in State B. When a title issue arose, the court weighed contacts with each state to select the governing law. The analysis turned on which state held the most significant relationship to the land and parties.
Vera Vargas signed a memorandum confirming an oral agreement to sell equipment to Venture Holdings. The buyer later refused to perform, claiming the statute of frauds barred enforcement. The court held the contract enforceable against Vera but not against the unsigned buyer.
Emergency Medical Intervention
Violet Vidal found her neighbor unconscious after a fall and called for help. A passerby performed CPR without consent to prevent further harm. The court later determined the intervention was privileged under the circumstances.
Issue-Specific Choice of Law
Valentina Vasquez transferred chattels across state lines under a disputed contract. The forum court applied its own procedural rules to joinder questions while looking to another state's law for capacity issues. This selective approach allowed different issues to receive independent analysis.
Post-Formation Memorandum
Vivid Media entered an oral services agreement with Valdez Steel. Weeks later, an executive sent an email summarizing the key terms. The court accepted the email as a sufficient memorandum even though it was created after the agreement.
Common questions
Frequently Asked
1
What does vide direct a reader to do?+
Vide signals the reader to consult the referenced passage or authority for further information.
Supporting sources
5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803)Property
…act must govern cases to which both apply. To contend otherwise is to say courts must close their eyes on the Constitution and see only the law which would subvert written constitutions. The Constitution extends judicial power to all cases arising under the Constitution. Could it be intended that in using that power…