Also known as: jointly · joint and several · joint tenancy
Written by attorneys · grounded in primary & secondary sources — see below
A shared or collective arrangement in which two or more parties hold rights, bear obligations, or exercise authority together.
After a partner at Jenkins Apparel filed a pleading containing unsupported factual denials, the court issued an order to show cause. The firm received notice and an opportunity to respond. Because the partner violated Rule 11(b), the court imposed sanctions and held the firm jointly responsible for payment.
Jonathan Jaffe and Jerome Jackson faced joint trial on a felony punishable by more than one year in prison. The government exercised its six peremptory challenges. The two defendants together exercised their ten peremptory challenges to shape the jury panel.
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Jennifer Jackson and Joanna Jung were charged with conspiring to commit multiple related offenses as part of an organized scheme. Prosecutors brought them to trial together because the alleged conspiracies formed different aspects of the same criminal conduct.
Julia Jensen referred a client to Jacqueline Juarez for complex litigation. The lawyers agreed to divide the fee in proportion to work performed and each assumed joint responsibility for the representation. They confirmed the arrangement in writing with the client.
Jordan Dynamics conveyed land to two individuals who satisfied the statutory conditions for concurrent ownership. The deed created a joint tenancy because state law permitted that form of ownership when the conveyance met the required criteria.
A state statute granted a husband unilateral authority to sell property held jointly with his wife. The wife challenged the statute. The court struck it down because the gender-based classification failed intermediate scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause.
A law firm is held jointly responsible for a violation committed by its partner, associate, or employee unless exceptional circumstances exist. The court must first give notice and a reasonable opportunity to respond before imposing sanctions.
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The defendant or defendants jointly receive ten peremptory challenges while the government receives six when the offense is punishable by more than one year of imprisonment.
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Two or more persons charged with criminal conspiracy may be prosecuted jointly if they are charged with conspiring with one another or if the conspiracies form different aspects of a scheme of organized criminal conduct.
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The division must be in proportion to services performed or each lawyer must assume joint responsibility for the representation. The client must agree in writing and the total fee must be reasonable.
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A conveyance may create a joint tenancy when state law permits that form of concurrent ownership and the deed satisfies the additional conditions stated in the Restatement section.
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The statute created an impermissible gender-based classification that failed intermediate scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause.
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…have examined the patient and have concurred in writing," and the procedure "is performed in a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals." The providing of medical information by physicians to state legislatures in their consideration of legislation regarding therapeutic abortion was…